California Seismology

A Chronology of Seismicity and Science


YearDayNotesRichterMM
1769July 28The Sacred Expedition is shaken by an earthquake as it travels near Los Angeles. This is California's first historical earthquake.6.0X
1812December 8An earthquake demolishes Mission San Juan Capistrano. Forty people die while attending early morning mass. The epicenter is in the Cajon Pass near Wrightwood.7.0IX
1812December 21A tsunami washes over Santa Barbara. The earthquake epicenter lies somewhere beneath the Santa Barbara Channel.7.0X
1836June 10Hayward Valley Earthquake. The ground cracks all the way from Mission San Jose to San Pablo. 6.75X
1838JuneA large earthquake ruptures the ground on the San Francisco Peninsula.6.25X
1852November 22The waters of San Francisco's Lake Merced abruptly sink 30 feet after an unexplained, earthquake-like shock. n/an/a
1856July 1First public discussion of earthquakes at a San Francisco lecture by Dr. W.O. Ayers.n/an/a
1857January 9Fort Tejon Earthquake. The ground broke near where modern Interstate 5 enters the Grapevine. This shock was felt all over the state, throwing down buildings and uprooting trees. The bells at Mission San Gabriel are reported to have been thrown to the ground. The Los Angeles River changes course. 8.25XI
1865October 8A respectable earthquake shakes the city of San Francisco, giving many newcomers, including Mark Twain, their first taste of seismic activity. Damage was greatest on the newly filled ground along the City's waterfront.6.25IX
1868October 21Hayward Earthquake. A rupture on the east side of the Bay jars San Francisco, San Leandro, and Oakland. Thirty people die.7.0X
1869August 9Following the request of Archbishop Joseph Alemany, Pope Pius IX sets the feast of St. Emidius as a day for prayers for protection against earthquakes.n/an/a
1872March 26Owens Valley Earthquake. Two quakes hit the area on the same day. Twenty seven people die in Lone Pine. A seven foot fault scarp appears.7.6
6.75
X
XI
1872April 3Aftershock of Owens Valley Quake.6.25n/a
1872April 11Aftershock of Owens Valley Quake.6.25n/a
1899December 25San Jacinto Earthquake. Hemet and San Jacinto wrecked. Six killed. Chimneys fall in Riverside.6.4IX
1906April 18The Great Earthquake and Fire. Twelve minutes after five a.m., the earth shook for forty seconds, beginning three days of tragedy that marked one of the most memorable disasters in U.S. history.8.25XI
1906April 19San Francisco jail inmates moved to Alcatraz for safekeeping as the fire approaches the Civic Center.n/an/a
1906April 2016 enlisted and 2 officers, crew of the U.S.S. Chicago, supervise the evacuation of 20,000 refugees from burning San Francisco. This will be the largest evacuation by sea until Dunkirk.n/an/a
1906April 20Two Japanese earthquake scientists are attacked by angry San Franciscans.n/an/a
1906May 11Appointment of special subcommittee by Governor to assist the reconstruction of San Francisco.n/an/a
1906n/aBurnt Records Act.n/an/a
1906n/aThe City of Los Angeles receives permission for the Owens Valley Water Project on the grounds that the water will be needed to fight post-earthquake fires.n/an/a
1912n/aAlfred Wegener proposes the theory of continental drift in a paper.n/an/a
1915June 22Imperial Valley Earthquake. Six die in a quake which cracks buildings and causes $1,000,000 damage in the newly reclaimed agricultural district.6.0
5.9
VIII
1918April 21San Jacinto Earthquake. An even stronger event shakes the scene of the 1899 tragedy.6.9n/a
1925June 29Santa Barbara Earthquake. Thirteen die as the rippling earth ruins 70 buildings and causes $6,000,000 in damage.6.3IX
1926n/aThe theory of continental drift is laughed out of the American Association of Petroleum Scientists meeting in New York, closing the book on the theory for forty years.n/an/a
1933March 10Long Beach Earthquake. Though fires are quickly contained, at least 120 people (many of whom are never identified) die. $41,000,000 in property damage, mostly in the city of Long Beach.6.3IX
1935n/aCal Tech scientist Charles Richter devises the Richter Scale, a mathematical measurement of earthquake intensity.n/an/a
1935n/aThe California State Legislature passes The Field Act which calls for public schools and other public buildings to be substantially earthquake resistant.n/an/a
1936n/a The film San Francisco (starring Jeanette MacDonald, Clark Gable and Spencer Tracy) depicts the 1906 Great Earthquake and Fire and its effect on the Barbary Coast.n/an/a
1940May 18Imperial Valley. A sixty five kilometer long fault appears in the desert, causing displacements of up to 4.5 meters (or about 16 feet!). Eight are killed. $6,000,000 in damage to the sparsely populated agricultural district.7.1X
1941June 30Carpinteria. This mild quake causes $100,000 damage.5.9VIII
1941November 14Torrance/Gardena Earthquake. Fifty buildings are severely damaged. Citizens must come up with $1,000,000 to clean up after the shock.5.8
6.0
VIII
1952July 20Kern County Earthquake. Rails are bent into S-shapes and rail tunnels collapse as the ground runs up $41,000,000 in repair costs. Fault displacement of two feet in both vertical and horizontal directions is observed.7.7
6.4
X
1952July 21Aftershock of Kern County Quake.6.1n/a
1952July 28Bakersfield Earthquake. Two killed and $10,000,000 more in damage.6.1VIII
1957March 22Daly City Earthquake. Tombstones in Colma are flung to the ground once more.5.3 VIII
1964March 27Crescent City disaster. A series of tsunamis generated by Alaska's Good Friday Earthquake reaches this northern California town and wipes out the main business district, killing 11 in the city and one man in the nearby Klamath River. (Outside of Alaska, there are 16 victims of tsunamis from this earthquake.) A few hours later, 10,000 San Franciscans rush down to the waterfront to observe the tsunami's arrival.n/a n/a
1967n/a Beginning of scientific acceptance of the theory of plate tectonics.n/a n/a
1969April 14Seers (perhaps inspired by the new theory of plate tectonics) predict a major earthquake that will topple everything west of the San Andreas Fault into the ocean. Some California politicians, including Governor Reagan, arrange to be out of the state on this day.n/a<I
1971 February 9Sylmar (San Fernando) Earthquake. The quake hits early in the morning, before rush hour. 65 people die, mostly in a newly constructed Veteran's Hospital. Freeway overpasses collapse. Half a billion dollars in damage.6.5VIII-
XI
1975n/aOriginal deadline for full implementation of the Field Act.n/an/a
1977July 1New date set by State Legislature for full compliance with the Field Act.n/an/a
1983May 2Coalinga Earthquake. Several buildings in this Central Valley town collapse.6.7XI
1987October 1Whittier Narrows Earthquake. Los Angeles area residents are shaken up by a relatively moderate quake which does some damage in the city of Whittier. Witnesses in skyscrapers report heavy shaking.5.8IX
1989October 17Loma Prieta Earthquake. The ground breaks at Loma Prieta, near Santa Cruz. The resulting earthquake attracts national attention to the demolished city of Santa Cruz, the San Francisco Bay Bridge, and the Cypress Overpass near Oakland.7.1XI
1992April 25Cape Mendocino. Weekend festivals are disrupted by this tremor. Historic Victorians in the area south of Eureka, California are damaged.7.2IX
1992June 28Landers/Big Bear Two earthquakes happen on the same day in Southern California. Some regions feel the shocks from both quakes, which are separated by about one hundred and fifty miles.7.3/6.2IX/VII
1994January 17Northridge Earthquake6.7IX
1999October 16Hector One day before the 10th anniversary of Loma Prieta, Los Angeles area residents are awoken at 2:45 a.m. by a shock originating in a sparsely settled part of the Mojave Desert. Twenty cars of an Amtrak train are derailed near Ludlow. Parts of Los Angeles are left without power or water. An oil main bursts.7.0n/a